1.
Response Of Cryopreserved Nili Ravi Buffalo Bull Semen To Gallic Acid Inclusion In Semen Extender
by Muhammad Tariq | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Faculty of Biosciences.
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Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: The major population of buffalo in the world (more than 75%) is located in Asia and 14% in Pakistan, where buffaloes play an important role in rural livestock production providing milk, meat and work draft force. Genetically the ratio of proven buffalo bulls is lesser than cattle bulls, and additionally the volume of semen and spermatozoa concentration is also lower than cattle semen. The success of inseminating buffalos with cryopreserved semen is also low, which account for major cause of fertility problems.
During cryopreservation, the spermatozoa faces osmochemical, mechanical and thermal stresses, which are predominant at dilution, cooling, equilibration, freezing and thawing stages which lead to damage spermatozoa functional and morphological characteristics. Beside these exogenous stresses, oxidative stress damages the spermatozoa endogenously. Keeping in mind all these problems, the reduction of these stresses through inclusion of antioxidants in semen may improve its quality and ultimately the fertility of buffalo bulls. This may be obtained from antioxidant addition to extender at the time of cryopreservation. Gallic acid possess good antioxidative properties, the use of this polyphenolic compound may reduce oxidation in buffalo bull semen.
In the current study, semen from four (n=4) healthy Nili Ravi buffalo bulls was collected by artificial vagina and GA was added to the semen @ 1 µM, 15 µM, 30 µM, 45 µM, 60 µM, and 100 µM and a total of six groups were prepared. One group was kept control and no GA was added to that group. The routine quality evaluation of semen for motility and concentration was made, extender was added, then semen cooled to 4°C filled in 0.5mL straws for 4 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C.
The semen was then transported to the Physiology Laboratory of UVAS for further evaluations. The parameters evaluated were percentage motility, plasma membrane integrity (HOST assay), acrosomal integrity (NAR), viability (Live/Dead), DNA integrity (Acridine orange assay) and oxidative stress (TBARS assay). Five straws from each GA group were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. The data collected was presented as cells ± SE and treatment groups were compared using one way analysis of variance. The group differences were compared by using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results revealed that GA improved (P<0.05) the spermatozoa viability and plasma membrane integrity.
In conclusion, the addition of 15 µM GA to semen extender improved marginally the buffalo bull spermatozoa motility, viability and membrane integrity but still not sufficient to reach the statistical significance, while it has no protective effects on other parameters like Acrosomal integrity, DNA status and oxidative stress. However further studies are needed to assess the role of GA in different concentrations and other animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1456,T] (1).
2.
Determination Of Various Physiological Indices In Dogs Induced By Antipiroplasm Drug
by Tanzila Bashir | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad.
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1644,T] (1).
3.
Response Of Dietary Yeast Supplementation In Chronic Heat Stressed Broilers On Serum, Liver And Meat Macro- and Mircro-Minerals
by Tasneem Akhtar | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Sehrish.
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1680,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Lipoic Axid Inclusion In Semen Extender On The Cryopreservation Of Sahiwal Cattle Semen
by Sheeraz Ghani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1725,T] (1).
5.
Response Of Cryopreserved Cholistani Bull Semen To Butylated Hydroxytoluene Inclusion In Semen
by Abaid-ur-Rehman Cheema | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Dawar | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1745,T] (1).
6.
Response Of The Dietary Yeast Supplementation In Chronic Heat Stressed Broilers On Serum Biochemical
by Usama Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Sehrish.
Material type: ; Format:
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1750,T] (1).
7.
Effect On Hematological Indices And Serum Mineral Profiles Of Beetal Goats In District Swat At Different Altitudes
by Faisal Anwar | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Mr. Muhammad Imran Khan | Faculty of Biosciences.
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Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Livestock is the major source of income of rural population. Approximately 70% of the people in rural areas depend directly or indirectly on livestock for their house hold income and nutrition. Livestock efficiency mainly depends on their health and well-being. Blood is one of the reliable medium from which we can evaluate the health condition of an animal. Livestock in Pakistan is reared in various altitudes. Information on various physiological indices in goats related to altitude is scarce for Pakistan. The present has been conducted at three different altitudes, two altitude groups from district Swat and one group at Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
A total of 60 blood samples were collected from three different altitudinal groups and then the hematological parameters was determined through hematological analyzer and serum concentration of Calcium and Potassium by flame photometer, Phosphorus by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, Chlorine by silver Nitrate titration method and Iron by Drabkin method.
The White blood cell count (WBC) found 10.47±0.34 × 103/µL at altitude 1177 feet, 8.33±0.13 × 103/µL at altitude 2863 feet and 11.52±0.52 × 103/µL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The lymphocytes count (LYMP) found 28.90±0.46 percent at altitude 1177 feet, 28.55±0.60 percent at altitude 2863 feet and 31.15±0.99 percent at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The granulocytes (GRAN) count found 65.10±0.85 percent at altitude 1177 feet, 65.89±1.41 percent at altitude 2863 feet and 67.23±1.87 percent at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The red blood cell count (RBC) found 10.98±0.22 million/µL at altitude 1177 feet, 11.65±0.15 million/µL at altitude 2863 feet and 14.62±0.26 million/µL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The hemoglobin count (Hb) found 5.17±0.19 g/dL at altitude 1177 feet, 7.23±0.10 g/dL at altitude 2863 feet and 10.96±0.59 g/dL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The Hematocrit count (HCT) found 29.14±0.39 percent at altitude 1177 feet, 28.94±0.42 percent at altitude 2863 feet and 30.69±0.48 percent at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) found 28.83±0.43femtoliter at altitude 1177 feet, 31.06±0.37 femtoliter at altitude 2863 feet and 35.94±0.39 femtoliter at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) found 5.27±0.12 picogram at altitude 1177 feet, 5.73±0.10 picogram at altitude 2863 feet and 6.78±0.09 picogram at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) found 29.82±0.49 g/dL at altitude 1177 feet, 32.10±0.57 g/dL at altitude 2863 feet and 34.32±0.39 g/dL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The platelets (PLT) count found 270.9±3.81 103/µL at altitude 1177 feet, 294.95±3.61 103/µL at altitude 2863 feet and 283.50±5.28 103/µL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level.
The Calcium (Ca) level found in serum was 8.79±0.23 mg/dL at altitude 1177 feet, 9.44±0.16 mg/dL at altitude 2863 feet and 9.80±0.16 mg/dL at altitude 4200 from sea level. The Chloride (Cl) level found in serum was 102.91±0.39 m?q/dL at altitude 1177 feet, 104.08±0.42 m?q/dL at altitude 2863 and 105.50±0.57 m?q/dL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The Phosphorus (P) level found in serum was 3.98±0.02 mg/dL at altitude 1177 feet, 5.52±0.08 mg/dL at altitude 2863 feet and 6.34±0.08 mg/dL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The Potassium (K) level found in serum was 3.98±0.04 m?q/dL at altitude 1177 feet, 4.61±0.06 m?q/dL at altitude 2863 feet and 4.93±0.04 m?q/dL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level. The Iron (Fe) level was found 87.12±0.97 µg/dL at altitude 1177 feet, 97.44±0.67 µg /dL at altitude 2863 feet and 106.35±0.87 µg/dL at altitude 4200 feet from sea level.
A significant difference was found between different altitudes in WBC count, LYMP percent, RBC count, Hg level, HCT percent, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, Ca level, Cl level, P level, K level, Fe level and no significant difference was observed in GRAN percent. This study generated a better understanding that hematology and serum mineral profile has been affected as an increase occurs in the altitudes and it reflects that increase in RBCs, Hematocrit and hemoglobin level at different altitudes also the serum mineral level goes high as there is an increase in the altitudes shows the adaptation of animal to the environmental condition and this study will be helpful in disease investigation and management of animals at different altitudes and different stress conditions. Further studies are been required to evaluate the effect of altitude, feed intake, nutrition, environmental stress and climatic condition on the hematology and serum mineral profile of different breeds of small ruminants and large ruminants.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1777,T] (1).
8.
Effect Of Different Physiological Stages On Heamatological And Biochemiscal Parameters Of Nili-Ravi Buffalo And Sahiwal Cattle
by M. Zohaib Aslam | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Mr. Muhammad.
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Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: 6.1 Background
The proper disease diagnosis in large ruminants is required for overcoming the economy loss due to livestock poor management. Blood biochemical and hematological parameters are one of an important medium to assess the physiological and pathological condition of animals. Any physiological and pathological change can be evaluated only if the normal values are available for comparison. Factors such as age, breed, geographical location, diet, sex, diurnal variation, physical activity, pregnancy and environment are known to influence the serum biochemistry and haematology of large ruminants. Our hypothesis was to evaluate the effect of different physiological stages (pre-pubertal and pubertal) on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Nili-Ravi buffalo and Sahiwal cattle.
6.2 Materials and Methods
Sixty blood samples (30 Cattle and 30 Buffalo) were collected from Ravi Campus Pattoki, UVAS and divided on the basis of different physiological stages, pre-pubertal (10-12) and pubertal (22-24 months) into two groups. The collected samples used to estimate complete blood counts by hematological analyzer. The biochemical parameters include cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea, AST and ALT by commercially available kits (Biogene and crescent).
6.3 Statistical Analysis
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17 used. Further T Test was used to compare the hematological and blood biochemical between two age groups. Differences was considered significant at P<0.05 (Steel et al.1997).
6.4 Results
The hematological parameters RBCs, Hb and PCV were showed a significant difference at Pre-pubertal and pubertal stage of both buffalo and cattle. Whereas the WBCs count, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, MCV and MCH were not found significantly different at pre-pubertal and pubertal stages of buffalo and cattle. The serum level of glucose recorded highest and urea level lowest at pubertal stage in both buffalo and cattle. The cholesterol and triglyceride were found significantly (p<0.05) lowest, while liver enzyme AST and ALT were found significantly highest with the aging of animal in both species. No significant changes were observed in total protein level at pre-pubertal and pubertal stage in buffalo and cattle.
6.5 Conclusions
The WBCs, RBCs, Hb, PCV were found significantly different between pre-pubertal and pubertal stages in both species. The values of theses parameters recorded highest at pubertal stage, while granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, MCV and MCH were found non-significantly different. Different physiological stages had a significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, Urea, ALT and AST in both species. The results of this study indicated that different physiological stages must be taken as very important factor in determining the blood parameters.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1806,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Age And Gender On Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Beetal Goat And Lohi Sheep
by Sidra Shafique | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Khalid.
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Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Small ruminants are one of the domestic animals of the inhabitants of Pakistan. In semi-arid and arid areas goat and sheep provides the main means of survival and security. So the proper health management of animals is must require for their survival. Hematlogical and biochemical tests are widely used for the diagnosis of serious animal diseases which can lead to economics losses in animals like reduced fur, wool and milk production. A large number of factors such as sex, age, gender, breed, illness, stress, seasonal variation and nutrition can affect the pattern of these clinical values. Our hypothesis was to evaluate the effect of age and gender on hematological and biochemical indices of Beetal goat and Lohi sheep in Ravi campus Pattoki UVAS.
One hundred and twenty blood samples (60 Goats and 60 sheep) were taken and divided on the basis of their age and gender (0-3 months, 9-12months and 18-20 months). Complete blood counts were performed by hematology analyzer (Abacus junior vet. Serial # 130076, Diatron GmbH wein, Austria) at W.T.O, UVAS. The biochemical parameter included albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea AST and ALT were determined by commercially available kits (Biogene® and Crescent®). The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The collected data were subjected to two way analysis of variance through statistical package SPSS version 13 to evaluate mean differences in hematological and blood biochemical parameters of different age groups. Difference among the means of groups with p<0.05 was considered as significant through LSD test (Steel et al.1997).
In this study age and gender had a remarkable influence on the pattern of hematological and biochemical values of both sheep and goat. The RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBCs and lymphocytes counts found significantly (p<0.05) higher in animal of age 18 to 20 months as compared to other groups in both species, While MCHC, monocytes and granulocytes found non-significantly (p>0.05) different. Male showed statistically (p<0.05) higher RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCV values as compared to female. The glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, AST, ALT, Total protein, albumin and globulin were found significantly (p<0.05) different by the aging of animal. Gender had no significant (p>0.05) influences on biochemical parameters of both sheep and goat.
Conclusion
Based on these findings age and gender had significant influence on hematological and biochemical parameters. In general veterinary practices, body weights are usually considered for therapeutic and nutritional strategies. Often too young animals are treated with more caution. In conclusion it can be mentioned that not only body weight but also age of the animals should be considered for devising therapeutic and nutritional strategy in livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1814,T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Age And Gender On Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Jattal Goat And Poonchi
by Sundas Arif | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafza Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1815,T] (1).
11.
Effects Of Terminalia Chebula On Blood Biochemical Profile And Pancreatic Tissue In Diabetic Rats.
by Daniyal Kazmi | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman.
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1834,T] (1).
12.
Antiangiogenic Activity Of Extracts Of Vinca Rosea (Catharnathus Roseus) Using Cam Assay
by Ijaz Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Syed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1835,T] (1).
13.
Effects Of Supplementation Of Catharanthus Roseus And Probiotic On Hematologica Profile And Immune
by Shumaila Zia | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
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Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background: The drugs which are used for curing diabetes caused adverse effects and complications to liver and kidney functions. Besides the side effects of drugs, no drug completely maintained and controlled the complications of diabetes. Due to the undesired side effects and partially compensatory treatments for metabolic disorders demands to formulate latest plant based therapies for the treatment of diabetes. There is also a need to establish the treatment which avoids the use of insulin injection.
C. roseus possessed anti-microbial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer antiviral and anti-hyperglycemic activities. The present study will be conducted to evaluate the change in hematological parameters and immunological response by the administration of aqueous extract of C. roseus leaves and probiotic in AIDR.
Hypothesis: It was assumed that aqueous extract of C. roseus and probiotic would improve the hematological profile and stimulate the immune response in diabetic rats.
Methodology: Twenty adult healthy rats (weighing 164-278g) were selected for experimental study. The rats were housed in clean metallic cages and divided in to four groups A, B, C and D. Five male rats were kept in Group A and B separately. Four female rats were kept in Group B and C separately. All the rats in each group is weighed and labeled. Rats were kept maintained under control environmental conditions of 24±5 ºC with 40-50% humidity, 12 hours light and dark photoperiod. Animals had free access to standard diet and water for the experimental trial of 21 days. Animal were fed with plane diet no. 25 used for rodents. Alloxan was used as a diabetogenic compound in a single dose of 150 mg/kg BW. Rats were fasted for12 hours, allowing only water access prior to the alloxan injection. After the estimation of fasting blood glucose the rats were rendered diabetic by injecting freshly prepared solution of alloxan (dissolving 600mg alloxan/ 4ml physiological saline) according to average body weight of each group which was calculated earlier. After 4 days of alloxan injection blood samples were obtained from tail vein of rat and hyperglycemia was confirmed by measuring fasting blood glucose level with glucometer. Rats with fasting blood glucose level higher than 150 mg/dl were considered as diabetic and used for further studies in present investigation. Blood samples were collected from the rats after 21 days of experimental trial. Rats were anaesthetized with chloroform in glass desiccators and blood sample was obtained through cardiac puncture using hypodermic needle and syringe. Blood samples were collected in EDTA containing vacutanors labeled with groups. 1.0 micro liter blood was separated from each group blood samples for the estimation of hematological parameters. Blood samples were then centrifuged at 3500 x g for 10 minutes to separate serum. Collected serum samples were then stored in labeled eppendrof at -20OC for further serological analysis.
Results: In our study the feed intake was not significantly influenced in treatment groups. But the body weights were significantly different in treatment groups as compared to treatment group. In blood biochemical analysis it was revealed that serum total protein level was significantly increased in group B and group C. Whereas serum albumin concentrations were not vary significantly among groups. However serum globulin level showed a trend towards significancy. The hematologic parameters were not affected by C. roseus and probiotic supplementation alone or in combination. The skin response to DNCB challenge also did not show significant results, which indicated that immune response was not varying among groups.
Conclusion: It is concluded from the results of present investigation that C. roseus and probiotic alone or in combination improved the body weight abnormality associated with diabetes but did not affect the feed intake. C. roseus was more effective in relation to body weight changes. However, C. roseus and probiotic both significantly increased the serum total protein and albumin level. Furthermore there were no significant effects showed by C. roseus and probiotic on immune response.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1840,T] (1).
14.
Antiulcer Activisty Of Malva Parviflora Leaf Extract Narr Sonhal On Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer In Rat
by Sumeera Anjum | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. DR. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2122,T] (1).
15.
Gastroprotective Effect Of Grewia Optiva (Dhamna) Leaf Extract On Ethano; Induced Gastric Ulcer In Rats
by Saira Aslam | Dr Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. DR. Habib-ur-Rehman.
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Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2137,T] (1).
16.
Hematobiochemical Evaluation Of High Intensity Interval Training In Healthy And Diabetic Patients
by Muneeb Iqbal | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2151,T] (1).
17.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Xylanase On Visceral Organs, Tibio-Tarsal Index And Antioxidant Status In Broilers
by Rasheed Ahmad | DR. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2164,T] (1).
18.
Effect Of Short Term Captivity Stress On Haematological, Behavioral And Biochemical Profile In Pigeon Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani
by Nabeel Hassan | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zamman | Dr.Zia Ullah | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The birds (around 10,000 living species) are the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates classified as Neorinthes(Kan et al. 2010). Columbiformes is amongst the most easily recognized avian orders worldwide. The Rock pigeon (Columba livia), also known as Rock dove, is a member of the family Columbidae, which include some 310 species. This species includes the feral pigeon, the wild rock pigeon, and the domestic pigeon. Mostly wild Rock pigeons are pale grey in colour with two black bars on each wing; although domestic and feral pigeons are different in colour and pattern. Pigeons are stout bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. The largest species are crowned pigeons which are nearly size of turkey whereas smallest are New World ground-doves of the genus Columbina, which are quite similar in size as a House sparrow(Murton and Westwood 1966).
Pigeons and doves have wide range of distribution on Earth, except for driest areas of the Antarctica, Sahara Desert and its surrounding islands. The family has adapted to most of habitats. A large numbers of species are present in tropical forests and woodlands; some inhabit savannas, grasslands, deserts, temperate woodlands and even the barren sands(Falc 2013). Rock pigeon is the largest species which had a large natural distribution from Britianand Ireland to Arabia, Northern Africa,Europe, Central Asia, India, up into China(Baptista et al. 1997).
Pigeons live in diverse environment which is so complex ranging from hot, rainy, cold that can be potentially harmful for them. However they adjust themselves by generating stress responses(Harvey et al. 1984). These stress responses are integrated neuroendocrine responses that cause activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and secretion of Corticosterone and experiences basic emotion of fear. Although it can be difficult to measure stress, results from some species demonstrate that Cortisol responses and fear behaviour responses in individual birds are related(Cockrem 2007). Stress is induced when any animal/ bird experiences variations in its environment that may have an effect on body responses that have the purpose to maintain the homeostatic condition. A good knowledge about health status related to the handling of caged birds and the struggle to improve their veterinary care, have important role in deciding the success of these caged birds (Villegas et al. 2004).
Pigeon’s behavioural comparison between captive and wild populations is a useful tool as it is commonly believed that birds suffer if they are unable to perform a full repertoire of natural behaviours. Two main behaviours commonly displayed in captivity include stereotypical behaviour and abnormal behaviour(Guyon 2009).
While the trend of keeping pigeons in captivity is ever increasing, the major challenge while keeping them in captivity is their inability to survive. The reason seems to be change in environmental conditions or to subclinical infections in wild becomes aggravated in confinement. The poor ability of birds to survive may cause derangements in blood and biochemical parameters as a result of stress due to confinement (Azeez et al. 2013). The related stress values are generally not reported and data is scarce.
Blood is an important medium to determine the health state of a bird. Blood analysis is helpful in assessing both the physiological and pathological conditions of a bird. Haematology and blood biochemical profiles are very helpful integral tools to diagnose and treat the diseases in birds and to provide information about bird’s nutritional status and physical condition. These two factors also help scientists understanding the multiple contributing functions of blood corpuscles. The variations in haematological ratios depend on various factors like age, species, the phase of sexual maturity, environmental and health condition (Rey Vázquez and Guerrero 2007). Haematological ratios are closely associated with response of an animal to its environment, an aspect that birds live in the environment that might exert some impact on haematological parameters. Besides, all possible facilities and care are provided; the birds kept in captivity are under continuous stress and are more likely to be infected. The caged stress may have an effect on haematopoietic system in the body of human, animals and birds. Haematopoietic marrow values decrease in caged environment. This results in low levels of red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs). The values of RBCs count, Hb, MCH, WBCs count were lower in Nigerian laughing dove in caged environment (Azeez et al. 2013). Biochemical indices may also be influenced by caged stress. ALT, AST and CK levels were known to be higher in captive puna ibis. This was may be due to injury during capture (Coke et al. 2004). In caged layers, the calcium, phosphorus and bone geometry were investigated. In caged eagles, glucose levels were higher than in free-living eagles. These changes could be closely associated with the differences in nutritional level and metabolism of birds (Ferrer and Dobado-Berrios 1998)
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19.
Effect Of Citrullus Colocynthis On Serobiological Parameters In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
by Farah Javed (2012-VA-398) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam .
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Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting almost 25% of the world's population.The pretentious worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus is posturing a huge health problem in both developed and developing countries. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is manifested by polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and is still one of the most leading causes of disability and death. Oral hypoglycemic agent and insulin are common treatment of diabetes but these treatments have prominent side effects. In the recent years the use ofherbal medicines has increased for the treatment of diabetes and fascinated the consideration ofmany researchers all over the world. Citrullus colocynthis is used commonly in different parts of the world for the treatment of a number of diseases including diabetes, jaundice, leprosy, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, joint pain and mastitis. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of roots of Citrullus colocynthis and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Twenty-five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of roots of Citrulllus colocynthis (200 mg/kg body weight, BW), Citrulllus colocynthis (300 mg/kg BW) and Citrulllus colocynthis (500 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control (normal saline injected), by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Blood glucose level of rats reached above 250mg/dl considered as hyperglycemic. Treatment was given to all groups excluding control negativefor 21 days. Body weight of rats of all groups was recorded weekly. After completing 21 days of treatment with different doses of roots of Citrullus colocynthis blood samples were collected in fasting condition from rats of each group by cardiac punctureunder general anesthesia. Serum was collected from blood to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile, liver function test and renal function test.
Result data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The obtained results showed that roots of Citrullus colocynthis has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing serum glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose levels. Only 500mg/kg body weight dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works tomaintain the serum ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglycerides, HDL-C LDL-C levels.
The data obtained from this study also show the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 500mg/kg body weight is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 200mg/kg body weight and 300mg/kg body weight.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2297-T] (1).
20.
Effects Of Ginkgo Biloba And Panax Ginseng On Metabolism Of Carbohydrate, Lipids And Insulin Receptor Genes In Diabetic Rats
by Mahrukh Naseem (2011-VA-531) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Diabetes is a major public health issue. As conventional pharmaceutical agents have greater incidences of adverse effects so the interest in the natural remedies has increased greatly in the last few decades. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) and Panax ginseng root extract (PGE) are ancient Chinese herbal drugs that have prominent position in the list of the best-selling natural remedies and are increasingly being used for the treatment of diabetes. The anti-diabetic effect of GBE is attributed to flavonoides while that of PGE is attributed to ginsenosides. In this study, GBE and PGE in combination showed significantly higher anti-diabetic effects than individual extracts in diabetic rats.
Adult Wistar rats were allowed to feed on a high fat diet (HFD: 12.7% maize starch, 6.5% dextrose, 3.9% sunflower oil, 31.3% beef tallow and 28.6% casein by weight) for two weeks. The rats were divided into seven groups (08 rats in each group): Non-diabetic control group, Diabetic group, Diabetic + 100 mg/kg G. biloba leaf extract treated group (GBE), Diabetic + 300 mg/kg, P. ginseng root extract treated group (PGE), mixed 1 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 200 mg/kg/day (50mg/kg/day of GBE and 150mg/kg/day of PGE), mixed 2 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 400mg/kg/day (100mg/kg/day of GBE and 300mg/kg/day of PGE), mixed 3 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 600mg/kg/day (150mg/kg/day of GBE and 450mg/kg/day of PGE). At the end of the 14th day, the rats were kept in fasting condition overnight and then a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (Sigma, USA) dissolved in 0.5 ml of saline solution at a dose of 120-130 mg/Kg body weight was injected in all rats except for the non-diabetic group which were injected with an equal volume of normal
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saline. Body weight (BW) and blood glucose were measured at week 1 and week 14. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples in fasting/ basal state were collected from heart puncture for the biochemical parameters. Liver, muscles and adipose tissue were also collected for mRNA expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Results were expressed as Means ± S.E.M. Statistical analyses was performed using Statview software (SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, USA). Two-ways repeated measure ANOVA followed by PLSD Fisher's test was performed for BW and blood glucose to assess the effects of time and herbal drugs. For the rest of the parameters, one-way ANOVA followed by PLSD Fisher's test was performed to assess the effect of herbal drugs. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
A significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in the BW of the diabetic group was recorded compared to non-diabetic rats and a significant reduction in BW was observed after treatment in all the five treated groups compared to diabetic group. Glycemia was significantly higher in the diabetic rats (P < 0.0001) compared to non-diabetic rats and a significant reduction in the blood glucose level was recorded in all the five treated groups (P < 0.0001) group in comparison to the diabetic group. A significant reduction for fasting serum glucose (FSG) (P < 0.0001) was recorded for all the five treated groups compared to the non-treated diabetic rats. We linked the reduction in hyperglycemia to the mRNA expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. In particular, we studied the gene expressions of GLUT-4, insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphoenolpyrovate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. A significant up-regulation for the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 was observed only in muscle in all the five treated groups, i.e. GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.001), mixed 1 (P < 0.0001), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001). We found a significant down-
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regulation in the mRNA expression of IR in muscle (P < 0.0001) and adipose tissue (P < 0.05) in the diabetic group compared to non-diabetic rats, however, a significant up-regulation was found in mixed 3 group in muscle (P < 0.001) and adipose tissue (P < 0.05). We found a significant down-regulation (P < 0.001) for IRS-1 in liver in diabetic state and a significant up-regulation was recorded in GBE (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups only. We found a significant down-regulation of IRS-1 in muscle (P < 0.0001) and adipose tissues (P < 0.0001) in the diabetic group. None of the treated group showed significant results in muscles however, a significant up-regulation was found only in PGE (P < 0.001) and in the mixed 3 group (P < 0.0001) in adipose tissue. A significant up-regulation was recorded for PEPCK in GBE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups in liver.
A significant increase of blood cholesterol was found in rats in the diabetic state (P < 0.0001) and a significant reduction was found only in the mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated group. A significant decrease was found for VLDL-C in mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups. A significant decreased was observed for LDL-C in mixed 1, mixed 2 and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups which previously found to be enhanced in diabetic condition. In case of HDL-c a significant decreased was found for GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) which was previously found to be increased in the diabetic group (P < 0.0001). Conversely, a significant increase was seen for TG (P < 0.0001) in the diabetic state and a significant reduction was found in all the five treated groups (P < 0.0001). We further studied genes involved in lipid metabolism. A significant up-regulation was found for SREBP-1c in diabetic group (P < 0.0001) and a significant down-regulation was found to occur in mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated groups compared to untreated diabetic rats. In the liver, a significant up-regulation
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in the mRNA expression of FAS was found only in mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) treated groups which found to be down regulated in the untreated diabetic group (P < 0.001). A significant down-regulation in the mRNA expression of PPAR-α was found in diabetic rats skeletal muscle (P < 0.05), however, a significant up-regulation was found in GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05) mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treatment groups in comparison to diabetic rats. We studied PPAR-γ in adipose tissue and found a significant up-regulation in PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups which had previously been found to be down regulated (P < 0.001) in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic rats.
We found that the body of the diabetic rats suffer with oxidative stress and measured a significant decrease for CAT (P < 0.0001) in diabetic group and significant increase was found in GBE (P < 0.05), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05), mixed 3(P < 0.05) groups compared to diabetic rats. Whereas, a significant decreased was recorded for MDA in GBE (P < 0.05), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups, which previously showed a significant increased (P < 0.001) in diabetic group compared to non-diabetic. We linked oxidative stress with TNF- α and found a significant up-regulation (P < 0.0001) for all the three studied organs in diabetic groups compared to the non-diabetic group. In case of liver a significant down-regulation was found for GBE (P < 0.0001), PGE (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups compared to untreated diabetic rats. A significant down-regulation in the expression of TNF- α in muscle was recorded only in the mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups compared to diabetic rats. However, a significant down-regulation in the expression of TNF- α in adipose tissue was observed for all the treated groups (P < 0.0001 for all groups) in comparason to the diabetic group.
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For serum creatinine a significant enhancement was observed for PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups which were previously found to be reduced in diabetic rats. A significant increase for AST was found in diabetes (P < 0.0001) compared to non-diabetic rats, while a significant reduction was found to occur only for PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated groups in comparison to the untreated diabetic group. Like AST a significant reduction was recorded for ALT in the diabetic group (P < 0.001) and only GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) showed a significant decreased in ALT level compared to untreated diabetic rats.
In conclusion, we found that both GBE and PGE have strong individual anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyper-triglyceridemic and anti-oxidative effects in an alloxan monohydrate induced rat model of diabetes. Both also showed strong influence on the activation on the expression of genes involved in the metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid which previously became dysfunctional in diabetic rats. When both these natural remedies were given in combination, synergistic effects were recorded in a dose dependent manner. Further work is needed to evaluate the way by which human beings suffering from diabetes are safely treated with these herbal remedies. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2260-T] (1).
21.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Lipid Profile And Liver Function Test In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Sidra Batool (2013-VA-592) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is most common disorder affecting almost 25% of the world's population. Many researchers reported the role of metals in glucose metabolism and their defficiency cause the diabetes. Zn is found in all cells of body and play role to maintain blood sugar level and in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin. Zn supplementation shows protective effect on total lipid, cholesterol, HDL and atherogenic index. Nanotechnology affects on the all parts of human life, animal, environment, and industrial life. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of ZnONPs and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Twenty five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of ZnONPs (15 mg/kg BW), ZnONPs (25mg/kg BW) and ZnONPs (50 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control, by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Treatment was given to groups for 21 days. BW was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected from animals of each group on 21 days after induction of diabetes by cardiac puncture to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile and liver function test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The obtained results showed that ZnONPs has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing blood glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose level. Only ZnONPs 50mg/kg BW dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works to maintain the serum ALT, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels. But this dose is not effective for body weight, AST, ALP, VLDL-C, cholesterol and AI.
The data obtained from this study also showed the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 50mg/kg BW is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 15mg/kg BW and 25mg/kg BW.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2402-T] (1).
22.
In Vitro Effects Of Bisphenol-A On The Electrophysiology Of Isolated Jejunum Of Layers
by Nabeela Hussain (2013-VA-863) | Dr Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: A major nutritional problem these days is the biological and chemical contamination of food with environmental chemicals; Bisphenol A is one of these chemicals which cause contamination of food. BPA have many genomic effects, it is consider as endocrine disrupting hormone. However BPA have many non genomic effects e.g BPA enter into the body orally by use of plastic food cans lead through the intestine and liver and affects target organ. These chemicals have also shown adverse effects on development and function of the reproductive organs of the birds (Berg 2000).
Bisphenol A may affect the barrier function of small intestine of layers. Our study aimed to find out the effect of Bisphenol A on the electrophysiology of jejunum of small intestine of layers. For this purpose a total of forty layer birds were purchased from poultry farm. The birds were acclimatized for one week. Following acclimatization one bird was slaughtered daily and jejunum were collected. After stripping the jejunum was divided into four segments and was mounted in four Ussing chambers receiving four treatments as (BPA control, BPA 10 μM, BPA 50 μM and BPA 100 μM) The tissues were first incubate under open circuit conditions for 15 min and then were short circuited by fixing the voltage at 0 mV throughout the experimental period. After 5 minutes following short circuiting the tissues BPA at the concentration of 10 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM, were added on the mucosal side respectively followed by an equilibrium period of ten minutes. The tissue was further monitored for 30 minutes to note any change in electrophysiology is caused by BPA. After this 300uL of concentrated glucose solution was prepared and added to the mucosal side of each chamber to achieve the final concentration of 20mmol/L. The electrical response to glucose addition was observed. ANOVA was used to
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investigate the effect of Bisphenol A on the electrophysiology of jejunum. Followed by Tukey. The P ˂ 0.05 was considered significant.
The results of this study showed that BPA 10μM affects the electrophysiology of intestine as compared to other groups (50μM, 100μM). Suggesting a possible role of BPA in affecting intestinal barrier function and glucose uptake. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2438-T] (1).
23.
In Vitro Study Of The Effect Of Menthol On Electrophysiological Indices Of Isolated Rumen Epithelium In Goat
by Najma Khan (2014-VA-506) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Ammonia is product of protein metabolism and its reabsorption occur by non-selective cation channels across rumen epithelium otherwise it will not be available as non-protein nitrogen source and excreted out causing hazard to environment. At physiological pH, ammonia is present as NH4+ in rumen and its transport leads to electrophysiological changes. It was reported that addition of menthol to the isolated rumen epithelium of cattle cause electrophysiological changes, primarily linked to the ammonium transport suggesting presence of non-selective cation channels. Addition of cation channel modulators such as menthol to diet can enhance absorption of nitrogen in the rumen. Scarce data was available for rumen epithelium of goats which has a large contribution in livestock population and has a great potential for mutton market revealing effect of cation channel modulators on electrophysiology and ammonium transport. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of menthol on electrophysiological changes and its link to ammonia transport in the isolated rumen epithelium of goats.
Hypothesis
Menthol may affect the electrophysiology of the isolated rumen epithelium of goats and enhance ammonia transport across rumen epithelium.
Methodology
Ten goats of uniform age and weight were selected and slaughtered in a local slaughter house. Reticulorumen was removed from the abdominal cavity and cleaned in a standard transport buffer solution. Serosal layer of rumen was removed and mounted in the Ussing chamber. Rumen epithelium was incubated with transport buffer solution and after 20 minutes replaced with ammonia containing buffer solution (10mM and 40mM respectively)
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and changes in bioelectric parameters were observed. Menthol in concentration of 1mM was added to mucosal side and electrophysiological parameters like Isc and Gt were observed. Moreover, pH of serosal side was checked after menthol treatment at time intervals 20, 60 and 90 minutes respectively to assess ammonia transport.
Results
Menthol affected the electrophysiology of isolated rumen epithelium of goats by increasing short circuit current due to increase in ammonia concentrations in the rumen. Menthol addition in 40mM NH4Cl containing solution significantly increased current (p value = 0.00). ΔIsc was also significant between the groups containing 10 and 40mM NH4Cl containing solution. Change in potential difference was significant after addition of menthol in both groups (P = 0.00). Conductance increased significantly by increasing concentration of ammonia (p value = 0.03). PH of serosal side decreased, suggesting possible NH4+ uptake, while on mucosal side increase in pH was observed.
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed by using completely randomized ANOVA followed by post-hoc test LSD. Level of significance was set at 0.05.
Conclusion
Menthol treatment affects the electrophysiological indices of isolated rumen epithelium of goat presumably by opening non-selective cation channels and enhances ammonium transport across rumen epithelium increasing recycling of nitrogen. This may leads to efficient protein utilization by the animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2558-T] (1).
